
(The following article is reprinted from “The Prescriber’s Letter”)
Feel free to print and send to your friends and family
Harvey S. Mishner MD/KAIZEN TOTAL WELLNESS
Lakewood Ranch, Florida
941-747-2090
Have Meds Will Travel
Introduction
We all know how stressful traveling can be. Getting yourself and your belongings from one place to another isn’t always a simple endeavor. The restrictions on transporting nonsolid items (e.g., aerosols, gels, liquids) via carry-on bag on airplanes has unpleasantly surprised many well-meaning travelers over the past decade or so. Health care professionals may get questions from concerned patients about how their meds and other medical devices/equipment should be handled while traveling. For example, what are the rules about taking meds through security screening in airports? When crossing multiple time zones, what time should meds be taken? This document reviews tips and guidelines for air travel with meds, as well as tips for med administration when crossing time zones.
Practical Tips for Air Travel
All medications and associated supplies are allowed through airport security in the U.S. and Canada once they have been screened. However, there are a number of practical considerations for airline passengers to help things go more smoothly. These tips include:
Keep an updated list or letter from your doctor in your carry-on bag that includes your medical problems and current medications. Include the names and phone numbers of your health care providers and pharmacies in the event that they must be contacted.
If possible, obtain extra written prescriptions for a limited supply of your medications, in case your medications get lost during travel. (Note that experts caution against placing essential medications in checked bags because of the risk for loss, theft, exposure to extreme temperatures, etc).
To be extra cautious, keep prescription medications that are packed in your carry-on bag in their original prescription containers, labeled with the same name as on your passenger ticket. (This is not required, but recommended.) Putting a reasonable quantity of pills in pillboxes is probably okay, but keeping meds in labeled containers might help avoid problems.
If in doubt that an item can be included in your carry-on and it is not needed for the duration of the flight, place it in your checked bag to avoid hassle.4 (Again, some experts caution against placing essential medications in checked bags because of the risk for loss, theft, exposure to extreme temperatures, etc.)
If a liquid medication is packed in your checked bag, seal the medication in a plastic bag to prevent leakage onto clothing and other luggage contents. If the bottle is glass, wrap it in cushioning material before sealing it in a plastic bag.
Specific Recommendations for Air Travel
Packing nonsolid dosage forms and diabetes supplies might be trickier than packing a bottle of capsules or tablets for air travel. The following is information to help prevent problems (current as of July 2012).
Nonsolid dosage forms. With regard to aerosols, gels, liquids, etc. in carry-on bags, containers of 3.4 ounces (100 mL) or less are permitted through airport security checkpoints via X-ray screening. The containers must be placed in one quart-size (1 L) clear plastic sealable bag. Containers of aerosols, gels, liquids, etc. that are larger than 3.4 ounces or 100 mL should ideally be placed in checked bags.
There are no limits on the amount or volume of medically necessary items (e.g., Rx meds, OTC meds, juice, liquid nutrition) that can be placed in carry-on bags. However, containers with volumes greater than 3.4 ounces or 100 mL of aerosols, gels, liquids, etc. must be declared to a TSA officer (U.S.) or Screening Officer (Canada). This can be done verbally or in writing, or by a person’s companion, caretaker, interpreter, or family member. These items must be kept separate from other belongings that are submitted for X-ray screening.
For passengers who are traveling with infants (newborn to 24 months), quantities of breast milk, baby food, milk, formula, etc. that are reasonable for the duration of the flight may be placed in carry-on bags. However, as with other items in volumes of greater than 3.4 ounces or 100 mL, these must be declared to an officer.
Diabetes supplies. TSA recommends that patients with diabetes tell the screener that they have diabetes and that they are carrying diabetes supplies. Patients with insulin pumps may request a full-body pat down and visual inspection of their insulin pumps as an alternative to walking through the metal detector. It is safe to pass diabetes supplies through X-ray screening, but a visual inspection can be requested instead. The following diabetes-related supplies and equipment are allowed through security checkpoints once they have been screened:
Insulin and insulin-loaded dispensing products such as pens (must be clearly identified)
Unlimited number of unused syringes (when accompanied by insulin or other injectable medication)
Lancets, blood glucose meters, blood glucose meter strips, alcohol swabs, meter-testing solutions
Insulin pump and insulin pump supplies (must be accompanied by insulin)
Glucagon emergency kit
Urine ketone test strips
Unlimited number of used syringes when transported in sharps disposal container or other similar hard-surface container
Sharps disposal containers or similar hard-surface disposal container for storing used syringes and test strips.
In both the U.S. and Canada, a visual screening can be requested for any meds and medical supplies instead of an X-ray screening. Passengers who request this will be asked to display and repack their own meds to avoid damage and other problems.
Caution patients to check medication restrictions when traveling to foreign countries. The U.S. and Canada have rules that are very similar to one another. However, the rules may be different for other countries.
Taking Meds When Crossing Time Zones
Patients may ask when to use their meds when they travel across time zones. Most medications can be taken at the usual time in the new time zone. Taking meds according to elapsed time between doses as opposed to local time once a destination is reached might also be convenient, especially for short trips. Plus, it will help avoid uneven intervals for meds that are especially time sensitive. Some experts recommend this. However, it is not a hard and fast rule.
Another option might be adjusting administration of meds by one to two hours at a time to convenient local times once a destination has been reached. This strategy can help prevent having to wake at odd hours to take medication, sudden changes in dosing intervals, and taking more than the recommended dose of a drug within a 24-hour period of time on travel days.
The timing of insulin injections may need to be adjusted when patients travel across time zones. It’s best for patients to have a plan for this ahead of time. In general, insulin dose adjustments are not necessary when five or fewer time zones are crossed, or for north-south travel. Recommend adjusting administration of insulin when patients travel across six or more time zones.
For travelers going east, which shortens the travel day, less insulin may be needed. This may be especially true if one less meal is consumed. For travelers going west, which lengthens the travel day, more insulin may be needed, such as an extra dose of short-acting insulin four to six hours after the third main meal. However, when considering the potential need for adjustment of insulin dosing and administration, it’s also important to think about any variables such as flight delays, reduced physical activity on a day with a long flight, changes in eating schedule, etc. These generally call for checking blood sugar more frequently (i.e., at least every four to six hours), including during air travel.1-3,11 A basal plus short-acting insulin schedule or using short-acting insulin only may be ideal to cope with time zone changes on a travel day.
For individuals who use oral diabetes meds only, timing of administration is not as critical. However, taking two doses close together should generally be avoided to prevent hypoglycemia. For example, skipping the second dose of a twice-daily drug such as metformin might be necessary when travelling east.
The American Diabetes Association has more travel tips for patients with diabetes, at http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/medication/when-you-travel.html and http://www.diabetes.org/assets/pdfs/know-your-rights/public-accommodations/air-travel-and-diabetes.pdf. The Canadian Diabetes Association also has travel information at http://www.diabetes.ca/diabetes-and-you/living/guidelines/travel/.
Additional Resources
The CDC has tips for travelers with chronic illnesses at http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2012/chapter-8-advising-travelers-with-specific-needs/travelers-with-chronic-illnesses.htm
Since the regulations concerning medications and air travel are continuously being revised, use the following links to verify the most current regulations:
United States:
Transportation Security Administration (TSA) at http://www.tsa.gov/travelers/airtravel/specialneeds/disability-update.shtm
For a table of permitted and prohibited items, see http://www.tsa.gov/travelers/airtravel/prohibited/permitted-prohibited-items.shtm
For general information concerning travel security measures, see http://www.tsa.gov/travelers/index.shtm
Canada:
Canadian Air Transport Security Authority/Administration (CATSA) canadienne de la surete du transport aerien at http://www.catsa.gc.ca/home.aspx?id=1&pname=Home_Accueil&lang=en